Awaiting review

• Presentations and imaging of extradural, subdural, subarachnoid and
intracranial haemorrhages
• Formation, constituents and course of CSF (incld reabsorption)
• The anatomy of papilloedema
• Common examination of CSF
• BBB
• Histology of the blood brain barrier
• Classification of neuroglia
• Pathology of cerebral ischaemia
• Mechanism of postural hypotension
• Cerebral aneurysms (congenital, acquired and consequences)
• Dural neurovascular supplies and meningeal headache referral
• Headaches of diseases of teeth, paranasal sinuses and eyes (ENT
referred pain)

Vasculature II of II NUNC

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Question 1
In which space does the middle meningeal artery rupture?
A
Extradural
B
Epidural
C
Subdural
D
Subarachnoid
E
Intraventricular
Question 2
A rupture of the thalamogeniculate artery would cause which type of bleed?
A
Intraventricular bleed
B
Intraparenchymal bleed
C
Extradural bleed
D
Subdural bleed
E
Subarachnoid bleed
Question 3
A patient has an infracerebellar space-occupying lesion.  In which cistern does this lie?
A
Ambient
B
Cerebellomedullary
C
Cisterna magna
D
Interpeduncular
E
Quadrigeminal
Question 4
Into which sinus is CSF reabsorbed?
A
Inferior sagittal sinus
B
Superior sagittal sinus
C
Straight sinus
D
Sphenopalatine sinus
E
None of the above
Question 5
The suprasellar system is connected to the ambient cistern via the
A
Quadrigeminal cistern
B
Cisterna magna
C
Cerebellomedullary cistern
D
Ambient cistern
E
Interpeduncular cistern
Question 6
The posterior cerebral artery lies in which cistern during its posterior transit about the brainstem?
A
Interpeduncular
B
Cisterna magna
C
Suprasellar
D
Ambient
E
Quadrigeminal
Question 7
The dural venous sinus lies between which two layers?
A
The periosteal layer of dura mater
B
The dipole layer of dura mater
C
The pia mater
D
The meningeal layer of dura mater
E
Arachnoid mater
Question 8
Polymorphonuclear white blood cells with decrease of glucose in CSF would also have which of the following signs?
A
Neutropenia
B
Xanthochromia
C
Elevated proteins
D
Elevated opening pressure
E
AntiGBS antibodies
Question 9
Which of the following is not a function of astrocytes?
A
Phagocytosis
B
Formation of the blood brain barrier
C
Contribution to the glial scar
D
Sequestering of synapse detritus
E
Myelin sheath of the central nervous system
Question 10
Which of the following are not seen in the pathophysiology of postural hypotension?
A
Cerebral perfusion declines
B
Parasympathetic system is upregulated
C
Cardiac accelerator nerves are downregulated
D
There is decrease preload
E
There is pooling in the capacitance veins
Question 11
Which site is most likely to have a berry aneurysm?
A
PICA
B
Basilar
C
PCOMM
D
ACOMM
E
Pericallosal artery
Question 11 Explanation: 
Eight-five percent of berry aneurysms arise from the Circle of Willis, with the most frequent location being the anterior communicating artery - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2323531/
Question 12
Which of the following statements are true about the neurovasculature of the middle cranial fossa?
A
V1 supplies the sella turcica
B
V2 supplies portions of the cavernous sinus
C
V3 supplies the posterior petrous temporal bone
D
The anterior branch of the middle meningeal artery donates supply
E
The posterior branch of the middle meningeal artery donates supply
Question 13
An incisor plugged into the maxilla could refer irritation to which region of the ear-nose-throat?
A
Inner ear
B
Middle ear
C
Eustachian tube
D
Nasopharynx
E
Oropharynx
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