Understanding patients’ health beliefs can help to explain how patients respond differently to chronic illness or how easily they will adapt to change. This quiz tests your knowledge of several health belief and behaviour change models. Good luck!

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Health beliefs and behaviour change

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Question 1
The challenges faced, and the long term advantages of change, influence which part of the Health Belief model?
A
Perceived benefits
B
Perceived threats
C
Perceived efficacy
D
Perceived opportunity
Question 1 Explanation: 
Perceived efficacy is also referred to as 'self-efficacy'.
Question 2
What influencing arm of the Theory of Planned Behaviour describes a person who wants to quit smoking to improve his health and save some money?
A
Behavioural attitude
B
Subjective norms
C
Perceived behavioural control
Question 2 Explanation: 
The answer is behavioural attitude because improving health and saving money are motivators. Perceived behavioural control would refer to the challenges the person thought they faced and how well they thought they'd be able to overcome them e.g. our person could worry about how well he'll be able to resist smoking when he's around his friends - they all smoke so he'll be tempted, but he doesn't have other people to spend time with.
Question 3
On learning that he will be made redundant, a man beginning to cope with general anxiety disorder thinks this will be a chance to try something new. According to the transactional response to stress, this is an example of:
A
Coping
B
Primary appraisal
C
Secondary appraisal
D
Response
Question 3 Explanation: 
You make think this is secondary appraisal because it sounds like he is evaluating his options but primary appraisal is about determining the adaptional significance of an event - is it a threat/does it pose harm? He is looking at it as an opportunity for change so it is a primary appraisal. If he had been wondering and worrying about how he'd make that change a possibility and whether he'd be able to, that would be secondary appraisal.
Question 4
With regards to coping with anxiety, what is overgeneralisation?
A
Seeing only the negative features of an event
B
Exaggerating the importance of undesirable events
C
Drawing broad negative conclusions on the basis of a single insignificant event
Question 5
What is the 'dual pathway model' of health behaviour?
A
Healthy behaviour and healthy psychological processes contribute to wellbeing
B
Healthy psychological processes influence physical health directly and via behaviour
C
Good physical health and good mental health determine your health behaviours
Question 6
When it comes to determining health behaviour, what are stable factors?
A
The context in which people live their life
B
Individual differences in personality and psychology that stay the same over time
C
Connections with others in the immediate environment
D
Appraisal of whether something is relevant to you in that given situation
Question 7
When it comes to determining health behaviour, what are situational factors?
A
The context in which people live their life
B
Individual differences in personality and psychology that stay the same over time
C
Connections with others in the immediate environment
D
Appraisal of whether something is relevant to you at a moment in time
Question 7 Explanation: 
Background and social factors also influence health behaviour. Background factors are the context in which people live their lives e.g. culture may affect how much someone trusts medical advice of what they consider to be healthy. Social factors are a person's connection with others in their immediate environment.
Question 8
Which group of individual differences that determine health behaviours looks to the past?
A
Explanatory styles
B
Generalised expectancies
C
Emotional dispositions
Question 8 Explanation: 
Explanatory styles are the psychological processes involved in explaining the causes of negative events
Question 9
Which group of individual differences that determine health behaviours address the psychology of how you experience things in the present?
A
Explanatory styles
B
Generalised expectancies
C
Emotional dispositions
Question 9 Explanation: 
Emotional dispositions are psychological processes involved in both the experience and expression. Generalised expectancies are psychological processes that form opinions about future outcomes
Question 10
Someone's locus of control influences their...
A
Emotional disposition
B
Generalised expectancies
C
Explanatory style
Question 10 Explanation: 
Locus of control determines how much control someone feels they have over their life and therefore how well they will be able to do things going forward/into the future. Generalised expectancies deal with the psychological processes associated with coping with the future.
Question 11
What is this the definition of: Belief in one’s own ability to organise and execute a course of action, and the expectation that the action will result in, or lead to, a desired outcome?
A
Self-efficacy
B
Self-belief
C
Self-direction
Question 12
A person with which emotional disposition is most likely to successfully make health behaviour changes?
A
Openness to new experience
B
Conscientiousness
C
Extroversion
D
Agreeableness
E
Neuroticism
Question 13
A person with which emotional disposition is least likely to successfully make health behaviour changes?
A
Openness to new experience
B
Conscientiousness
C
Extroversion
D
Agreeableness
E
Neuroticism
Question 14
What is the name of the model that looks at behaviour change through a cycle of precontemplation, contemplation, planning, action, maintenance and relapse?
A
Theory of Planned Behaviour
B
Health Belief Model
C
Transtheoretical Model
Question 14 Explanation: 
The Transtheoretical Model is also known as the Stages of Change model.
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