🤔 MEDIUM
The cauda equina, from the Latin for “a horse’s tail”, is a slender series of lumbar, sacral and coccygeal nerves eminating from the lumbar-enlarged caudal spinal cord. Implicated in the medical emergency cauda equina syndrome (CES), its anatomy is touched upon in this quiz. Best of luck!
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Clinical Neuroanatomy: Part Five
Question 1 |
1) is involved in flexor muscle control, 2) in extensor muscle control | |
1) is involved in extensor muscle control, 2) in flexor muscle control | |
1) is involved in flexor muscle control, 2) in flexor muscle control | |
1) is involved in extensor muscle control, 2) in extensor muscle control | |
1) and 2) are involved in neither flexor or extensor muscle control |
Question 2 |
The primary motor cortex | |
The premotor cortex | |
The supplementary motor cortex | |
The primary somatosensory cortex | |
The prefrontal cortex |
Question 3 |
Stem 1 of 4
Study the image below to answer the following questionsRegion "A" contains axons with which best-fitting function?
Extensor muscle control | |
Anti-gravity muscle control | |
Flexor muscle control | |
Minor motor movement | |
Major, voluntary and skilled motor movemenrt |
Question 4 |
Stem 2 of 4
The tract at region "B" would risk an infarct in which of the following cases selectively?Occlusion of the anterior spinal artery | |
Occlusion of the right posterior spinal artery | |
Occlusion fo the left posterior spinal artery | |
All of the above | |
None of the above |
Question 5 |
Stem 3 of 4
What is the name of the tract at position "B"?Ventral corticospinal trsct | |
Ventral spinocerebellar tract | |
Anterior spinothalamic tract | |
Lissauer's tract | |
None of the above |
Question 6 |
Stem 4 of 4
Which clinical sign would manifest with a selective lesion (eg abscess) to position "C"?Contralateral flexor weakness | |
Ipsilateral flexor weakness | |
Contralateral extensor weakness | |
Ipsilateral extensor weakness | |
Loss of fine touch sensation |
Question 7 |
Increased stretch reflex | |
Severe muscular atrophy | |
Spastic paralysis | |
Clonus | |
Babinski reflex |
Question 8 |
"A rhythmic oscillation as a result of alternate stretch and unloading of muscle spindles within a spastic muscle belly"
A patient with a history of cerebral infarct has this clinical sign. How is it best elicited?
Periumbilical stroking with a cotton wool piece | |
Patellar tendon hammer swing | |
Lightly stroking the superomedial thigh | |
A firm arc on the sole of the foot | |
Rapid dorsiflexion about the supported ankle |
Question 9 |
Interneurons involved in regulation of synaptic output | |
Interneurons affiliated with the reticulospinal tract neurons | |
Glycine-rich interneurons controlling lower motor neurons | |
Implicated in partial gain of function in some spinal cord lesions | |
A causes of flaccid paralysis when tonic inhibition is added |
Question 10 |
Meissner's corpuscles | |
Meckel's discs | |
Pacinian's corpuscles | |
Ruffini endings | |
Free nerve endings |
Spotted an error?
With thanks to:
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Mysid. (2010). Diagrammatic transverse section of the medulla spinalis and its membranes. Available: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gray770-en.svg. Last accessed 27th October 2019.