This MCQ tests understanding of basic priciples relating to kidney anatomy (microanatomical structure) and function (ex. main functions of the kidney).
Peer reviewed by Jonathan Loomes-Vrdoljak on 5 August 2019
Intro to the Kidney MCQ
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Question 1 |
How is urinary excretion rate altered by a high reabsorption rate?
It is increased | |
It is decreased | |
It does not alter urinary excretion rate | |
It is not part of the equation |
Question 2 |
A decrease in blood flow to an interlobular artery could result from stenosis of which artery?
Arcuate artery | |
Afferent arteriole | |
Efferent arteriole | |
Vasa recta |
Question 2 Explanation:
B,C,D are all distal to the interlobular artery
Question 3 |
Inulin is one of the most accurate measures of urinary excretion rate, why is this?
It is filtered and partially reabsorbed so it accurately reflects what happens to substances in the filtrate | |
It is filtered only, so its concentration in the urine is proportionate to the amount in the blood | |
It is filtered and secreted, accurately representing how the kidney processes multiple substances as a whole | |
It is filtered and completely reabsorbed, reflecting how glucose is handled by the kidney |
Question 4 |
Which of the following is not produced by the kidney?
EPO | |
1-alpha hydroxylase | |
Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) | |
Renin |
Question 4 Explanation:
Angiotensin converting enzyme is produced in the lungs
Question 5 |
Outline, in sequence, the blood supply for the kidney beginning from renal artery to venous supply
Renal artery, segmental artery, interlobar artery, arcuate artery, interlobular artery, afferent arteriole, glomerulus, efferent arteriole, peritubular capillaries/vasa recta. | |
Renal artery, interlobular artery, interlobar artery, arcuate artery, segmental artery, afferent arteriole, glomerulus, peritubular capillaries/vasa recta efferent arteriole | |
Renal artery, segmental artery, interlobular artery, arcuate artery, interlobar artery, afferent arteriole, glomerulus, peritubular capillaries/vasa recta, efferent arteriole | |
Renal artery, segmental artery, interlobular artery, arcuate artery, interlobular artery, afferent arteriole, glomerulus, efferent arteriole, peritubular capillaries/vasa recta. |
Question 6 |
How is urinary filtration rate calculated?
Urinary excretion rate = Filtration rate + Secretion rate + Reabsorption rate | |
Urinary excretion rate = Filtration rate - Secretion rate – Reabsorption rate | |
Urinary excretion rate = Filtration rate + Secretion rate – Reabsorption rate | |
Urinary excretion rate = (Filtration rate + Secretion rate) /Reabsorption rate |
Question 7 |
What property of the epithelium in the proximal convoluted tubule is related to its function?
The thin layer of the simple squamous epithelium allows important molecules to diffuse more easily | |
The brush border of cuboidal epithelium maximises the surface area for absorption of molecules | |
The columnar epithelium ensure quick active transport of a high concentration of important molecules across the membrane | |
The stratified squamous epithelium helps to resist the wear and tear of high volume filtrate entering the PCT
|
Question 8 |
What are the main ions contributing to the concentration gradient in extracellular fluid?
Calcium and bicarbonate | |
Potassium, phosphate and inorganic anions | |
Sodium and potassium | |
Sodium and chloride |
Question 9 |
What type of cell is present in the thick ascending loop of Henle?
Simple squamous | |
Simple cuboidal | |
Ciliated simple cuboidal | |
Simple columnar |
Question 9 Explanation:
Simple cuboidal cells differ from simple squamous cells in that they have a larger cell volume. Functionally, this indicates that there is increased production or absorption of certain substances by the cell.
The thick ascending loop of Henle is a major absorption site for potassium, sodium and calcium ions, in contrast to the thin ascending loop where no ion absorption takes place (the cells are thus simple squamous here)
Question 10 |
What would be the most likely long-term consequence of chronic kidney disease?
Anaemia of chronic disease | |
Liver cirrosis | |
Portal hypertension | |
Cancer |
Question 10 Explanation:
In chronic kidney disease endocrine functions of the kidney are reduced/impaired, including its ability to produce EPO, which normally promotes the formation of red blood cells.
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