This MCQ tests understanding of basic priciples relating to kidney anatomy (microanatomical structure) and function (ex. main functions of the kidney).
Peer reviewed by Jonathan Loomes-Vrdoljak on 5 August 2019
Intro to the Kidney MCQ
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Question 1 |
Outline, in sequence, the blood supply for the kidney beginning from renal artery to venous supply
Renal artery, segmental artery, interlobar artery, arcuate artery, interlobular artery, afferent arteriole, glomerulus, efferent arteriole, peritubular capillaries/vasa recta. | |
Renal artery, interlobular artery, interlobar artery, arcuate artery, segmental artery, afferent arteriole, glomerulus, peritubular capillaries/vasa recta efferent arteriole | |
Renal artery, segmental artery, interlobular artery, arcuate artery, interlobar artery, afferent arteriole, glomerulus, peritubular capillaries/vasa recta, efferent arteriole | |
Renal artery, segmental artery, interlobular artery, arcuate artery, interlobular artery, afferent arteriole, glomerulus, efferent arteriole, peritubular capillaries/vasa recta. |
Question 2 |
What would be the most likely long-term consequence of chronic kidney disease?
Anaemia of chronic disease | |
Liver cirrosis | |
Portal hypertension | |
Cancer |
Question 2 Explanation:
In chronic kidney disease endocrine functions of the kidney are reduced/impaired, including its ability to produce EPO, which normally promotes the formation of red blood cells.
Question 3 |
What property of the epithelium in the proximal convoluted tubule is related to its function?
The thin layer of the simple squamous epithelium allows important molecules to diffuse more easily | |
The brush border of cuboidal epithelium maximises the surface area for absorption of molecules | |
The columnar epithelium ensure quick active transport of a high concentration of important molecules across the membrane | |
The stratified squamous epithelium helps to resist the wear and tear of high volume filtrate entering the PCT
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Question 4 |
How would the basement membrane of the glomerular filtration barrier prevent the passage of albumin?
By repulsion of albumin’s positive charge | |
By having fenestrations smaller than the size of albumin | |
By having fenestrations of different shape to albumin | |
By repulsion of albumin’s negative charge
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Question 4 Explanation:
The basement membrane has a negative charge which repels albumin's negative charge
Question 5 |
Which is not one of the four ways a substance is handled by the kidney?
Filtered | |
Filtered and partially reabsorbed | |
Filtered and completely reabsorbed | |
None of the above
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Question 5 Explanation:
These are all ways in which the kidney handles substances
Question 6 |
Which of the following is not produced by the kidney?
EPO | |
1-alpha hydroxylase | |
Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) | |
Renin |
Question 6 Explanation:
Angiotensin converting enzyme is produced in the lungs
Question 7 |
How is urinary filtration rate calculated?
Urinary excretion rate = Filtration rate + Secretion rate + Reabsorption rate | |
Urinary excretion rate = Filtration rate - Secretion rate – Reabsorption rate | |
Urinary excretion rate = Filtration rate + Secretion rate – Reabsorption rate | |
Urinary excretion rate = (Filtration rate + Secretion rate) /Reabsorption rate |
Question 8 |
How is urinary excretion rate altered by a high reabsorption rate?
It is increased | |
It is decreased | |
It does not alter urinary excretion rate | |
It is not part of the equation |
Question 9 |
A patient has nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. Which part of the uriniferous tubule is most likely to be affected?
Proximal convoluted tubule | |
Collecting duct | |
Thick ascending loop of Henle | |
Thick descending loop of Henle |
Question 9 Explanation:
ADH acts on the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct to promote the expression of Aquaporin 2, which reabsorbs water from the filtrate, leading to more concentrated urine and increased hydration.
Question 10 |
A decrease in blood flow to an interlobular artery could result from stenosis of which artery?
Arcuate artery | |
Afferent arteriole | |
Efferent arteriole | |
Vasa recta |
Question 10 Explanation:
B,C,D are all distal to the interlobular artery
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